曾聽過某人在演講裏說:「哲學導論是最難教的,不應給那些剛拿博士學位的助理教授去教,要有一定功力的哲學家才會教得好。」驟耳聽來好像很有道理,其實不過是故作特別之語。教哲學導論,何難之有!
哲學導論的目的是讓學生明白哲學裏的基本概念、重要問題、一般進路、和著名人物及其思想,要達到這目的,教授者只須符合兩個條件:一、自己充分掌握了在導論裏要講授的內容;二、有良好的教學技巧(表達清晰、快慢恰宜、擅用例子等)。一個剛拿博士學位的助理教授,當然有可能符合這兩個條件,而一個功力高的哲學家,雖然一定符合條件一,卻未必符合條件二;我看不出有任何理由相信只有後者才可以把哲學導論教好。
我認為哲學是艱深的學科,導論應該淺入淺出,不宜深入淺出;不過,無論是淺入淺出還是深入淺出,都要符合上述兩個條件,導論才會教得好。一個剛拿博士學位的助理教授,當然可以做到淺入淺出,但亦應有能力做到深入淺出,而一個功力高的哲學家,雖然會較傾向於用深入淺出的教法,但只要他著意去做,淺入淺出也不會難倒他。
有兩本哲學導論書,都是我很喜歡的,作者同是著名哲學家,然而,一本淺入淺出,另一本深入下淺出:
Thomas Nagel, What Does It All Mean?: A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy (OUP, 1987)
Martin Hollis, Invitation to Philosophy (Blackwell, 1985)
Nagel說自己這本導論應該連中學生也看得懂,我不肯定他是不是誇張,但相信大學生會看得明白;Hollis那本是行家欣賞的,連Bernard Williams也讚好,但恐怕要特別聰慧的大學生才能掌握得到(Williams寫的那本倫理學導論 Morality: An Introduction to Ethics 也是如此)。如果要兩者選其一做課本,我一定會選Nagel那本。
Wong,
回覆刪除Nagel 的那本,我在十年多前翻譯了中文,譯得太差,沒有找人出版。
Nagel (1987)says:
回覆刪除But that has nothing to do with the nature of the subject, and I would be very glad if the book were also of interest to intelligent high school students with a taste for abstract ideas and theoretical arguments -- should any of them read it.
應該是高中生吧。
Yan,
回覆刪除Nagel那本書在大陸可能已有翻譯版。
我的書給人借了沒還,只憑記憶寫,看來是錯了。我會更正。
中文書中有好的哲學導論嗎?
回覆刪除果然有中譯:
回覆刪除《哲學入門九堂課》
作者:湯瑪斯‧內格爾(Thomas Nagel)
譯者:黃惟郁 出版社:究竟
出版日期:2002年07月30日
http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010198824
譯者:
黃惟郁
台大經濟系學士、台大哲學所碩士,目前為專職譯者。
匿名,
回覆刪除//中文書中有好的哲學導論嗎?//
- 就我所知,沒有。
Meshi,
回覆刪除原來是台灣有譯本,大陸可能也有。
王文方的『這是個什麼樣的世界』,應該算是中文裡很好的哲學入門書吧(雖然內容限於形而上學),淺入淺出。
回覆刪除Nagel的書在內地也有個譯本,書名為『你的第一本哲學書』
http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/7783015.html
CYC,
回覆刪除謝介紹,有空會找來一看。
1. 曾聽過人說 : many top U's would ask their best prof's to teach 101 classes, like Greg Mankiw is a professor of economics at Harvard University, where he teaches introductory economics (ec 10) among other courses and Richard Feynman in CalTech ...
回覆刪除2. "教哲學導論,何難之有!" seems to be a statement of having too much a flavour of "prof-centric" ...
3. and top U's prof's to do 101 classes seems to be a practice of in students' best interest ...
匿名,
回覆刪除1. I am not sure the claim that "many top U's would..." is true. Some, maybe; but many? I doubt it. In any case, my point is merely that anyone who is well-trained in philosophy at the doctorate level and is a good teacher can teach Introduction to Philosophy well. Even if the claim in question is true, my point still holds.
2. "Prof-centric"? What does that mean?
3. If by "top U's prof's" you mean top professors at a university, then I have to say some top professors (top in terms of research quality) are awful teachers.